[6] Plouffe was introduced to track cycling by a South Australian Sports Institute talent identification program from a background of swimming and surf life saving.

[10] Plouffe made her international elite debut at nineteen years of age in the opening round of the 2018–19 UCI Track Cycling World Cup women's points race in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France.

[10] In the 2020 season Maeve Plouffe became Oceania champion in the scratch race[13] and won two silver and two bronze medals.

[14] Only three months prior to the championships, she underwent an operation on her wrist as a result of a fall in a street race in Belgium.

[18][19] The team consisting of Ashlee Ankudinoff, Georgia Baker, Annette Edmondson, Alexandra Manly, Maeve Plouffe finished fifth.