The city administers eight villages: Călimănel (Kelemenpatak), Luncani (Lunkány), Măgheruș (Magyaros), Moglănești (Moglán), Secu (Székpatak), Vâgani (Vugány), Vale (Válya), and Zencani (Zsákhegy).

Among the villages which are part of this municipality, there are large ethnic Hungarian minorities in Măgheruș (34%), Moglănești (21.5%), Secu (29.7%), and Zencani (23.7%).

Toplița is located in eastern Transylvania, on the upper reaches of the Mureș River, more precisely in the northwestern corner of Harghita County.

[6] In 1868, eight "praedia" belonged to Oláh-Toplicza: Kelemenpatak, Nyírmező, Csobotány, Mănăstirea, Vugány, Moglán, Plopiș, and Magyarós; at the time Válya was already part of the settlement.

At the end of November 1918, the 7th Infantry Division of the Romanian Army under the command of General Traian Moșoiu crossed the Carpathian Mountains, coming from Piatra Neamț and advancing though the Prisăcani Valley towards Borsec, Toplița, and Reghin.

The territory of Northern Transylvania remained under Soviet military administration until March 9, 1945 (after the appointment of Petru Groza as Prime Minister), after which it became again part of Romania.