Neighboring provinces are (from the southwest clockwise) Samut Songkhram, Ratchaburi, Nakhon Pathom, and Bangkok.

The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.

[7] The oldest name of the area is Tha Chin ('Chinese pier'), probably referring to the fact that it was a trading port where Chinese junks arrived.

[11] Soil and water samples from the industrial area of Mueang District were found to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, and nickel.

High levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPS), byproducts of industrial processes, were present in eggs from free-range chickens.

An egg tested by researchers was found to have 84 nanograms per kilogram of dioxins and furans, a level 33 times higher than the safety limit observed by the European Union.

The provincial seal shows a Chinese junk in front of the coast, with a factory and a smoking chimney in the background.

The provincial slogan is "Fishing city, factory town, agricultural ground, historic site".

[15] As of 19 December 2019 there are: one Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and fifteen municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.

[2] The non-municipal areas are administered by 22 Subdistrict Administrative Organizations (SAO) (ongkan borihan suan tambon).