[8] In the 2008-2009 Bangladeshi domestic season Mahmudullah finished as the second-highest run-scorer in the competition with 710 runs at an average of 54.61 and was subsequently recalled to the ODI squad to face Zimbabwe in three ODIs and a tri-nation series with Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe.

[10] An auction was held for teams to buy players,[11] and Mahmudullah was bought by the Chittagong Kings for $110,000.

[15][16] In the 2015 Bangladesh Premier League, Mahmudullah top-scored for his team Barisal Bulls scoring 279 runs in 12 innings with 2 fifties.

[20] In the 2017 Bangladesh Premier League, Mahmudullah scored 312 runs in 12 innings with 2 half-centuries, and was yet again the top-scorer of his team.

[27] In the 2021-22 Bangladesh Premier League, Mahmudullah scored 255 runs in 8 innings with 1 half-century playing for the Minister Group Dhaka.

[29] The Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) season of 2024 Mahmudullah plays for Fortune Barishal.

[35] In April 2021, he was signed by Multan Sultans to play in the rescheduled matches in the 2021 Pakistan Super League.

[46] On 20 September 2011, Mahmudullah was named Bangladesh's vice-captain, taking over from Tamim Iqbal after the previous captain and deputy were sacked.

[47] When West Indies toured in October, Mahmudullah missed all the fixtures with a viral fever.

[55] Mahmudullah scored a century against New Zealand in a crucial virtual Quarterfinals for the semi-final berth.

[56][57] In January 2018, during the tri-nation series final against Sri Lanka, permanent Test captain Shakib injured his left little finger which resulted in bruising and swelling and was ruled out of the Test series against Sri Lanka.

[62] In the next match against Sri Lanka in Nidahas Trophy, Bangladesh scored 200 runs for the first time when they chased down 214 to win the game.

[72] In September 2021, Mahmudullah was named as the captain of Bangladesh's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

[76] In May 2024, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.

The news was confirmed when the Bangladeshi players gave him a guard of honour before the start of the fifth day's play.

His sudden decision to retire during a match was criticised by the BCB president, who said it would affect the team negatively.

[84] Mahmudullah is the first Bangladeshi centurion in World Cup to sign a contract with HeidelbergCement Bangladesh Limited.

Besides this, Mahmudullah partners with Helio (Mobile Handset Brand) for their social media content and Raw Nation (bat sponsor).

[87] Mahmudullah will work with the United States Agency for International Development to engage thousands of young people via social media and public service announcements on the importance of youth empowerment in Bangladesh, and the need to increase education and nutrition, and reduce gender-based violence.