Winner-take-all system

Formally, a voting system is called winner-take-all if a majority of voters, by coordinating, can force all seats up for election in their district, denying representation to all minorities.

The most widely accepted modern views of representative democracy no longer consider winner-take-all representation to be democratic.

Historically the first multi-winner electoral systems were winner-take-all elections held at-large, or more generally the multiple non-transferable vote.

[citation needed] Until the first half of the 19th century, the classic winner-take-all system of block voting began to be more and more criticized.

In Europe only Belarus and the United Kingdom use FPTP/SMP to elect the primary (lower) chamber of their legislature and France uses a two-round system (TRS).

Winner-take-all system are much more common outside Europe, particularly in the countries of the former British Empire, like Australia (IRV), Bangladesh, Canada, Egypt, India, Pakistan and the United States (FPTP/SMP).

Residual usage in several multi-member constituencies is reduced to the election of the Electoral college of the President of the United States.