Maltby Strong (November 24, 1796 – August 5, 1878) was an American physician, businessman, and mayor of Rochester, New York.
After leaving college he attended a course of lectures at the Yale Medical School, and then entered the office of his brother, Dr. Woodbridge Strong, of Boston, as a student, and attended two courses of lectures at Harvard University.
In 1822, he accompanied Dr. Nathan Smith, the head of the Yale Medical School to Brunswick, Me., as private pupil and surgical assistant in a course of lectures, and while there received the degree of M.D.
He then began the practice of medicine in South Hadley, and pursued it with success for several years.
He was married, September 9, 1835, to Eliza B., daughter of Joseph E. Sprague, of Salem, Mass., who survived him, without children.