However, many boilers were poorly constructed and not well-managed or maintained once installed.
Boilers could explode suddenly and powerfully, sending debris flying into nearby streets or fields.
[1] In 1854, engineers and mill owners met in Manchester to form an organisation to deal with the growing number of boiler explosions.
Those present included William Fairbairn and Joseph Whitworth.
The primary purpose of the MSUA was to provide 'the increased security against explosions, which a periodical inspection by an experienced engineer affords, and the saving of fuel which may be expected from the inspection of an intelligent officer well acquainted with the principle on which perfect combustion depends'.