Mandaic language

It is an Eastern Aramaic language notable for its abundant use of vowel letters (mater lectionis with aleph, he only in final position, ‘ayin, waw, yud) in writing, so-called plene spelling (Mandaic alphabet)[5] and the amount of Iranian[6] and Akkadian[7] language influence on its lexicon, especially in the area of religious and mystical terminology.

More specific written objects and of linguistic importance on account of their early transmission (5th–7th centuries CE) are the earthenware incantation bowls and Mandaic lead rolls (amulets) (3rd–7th centuries CE),[18]: 4  including silver and gold specimens[19] that were often unearthed in archaeological excavations in the regions of their historical living sites between Wasiṭ and Baṣra,[20][21] and frequently in central Iraq, for example (Bismaya,[22] Kish,[23] Khouabir,[24] Kutha,[25] Uruk,[26] Nippur[27]), north and south of the confluences of the Euphrates and Tigris (Abu Shudhr,[28] al-Qurnah[29]), and the adjacent province of Khuzistan (Hamadan).

[35] Graphemes appearing on incantation bowls and metal amulet rolls differ slightly from the late manuscript signs.

[36] Lexicographers of the Mandaic language include Theodor Nöldeke,[37] Mark Lidzbarski,[38] Ethel S. Drower, Rudolf Macúch,[39] and Matthew Morgenstern.

[40] Three dialects of Neo-Mandaic were native to Shushtar, Shah Vali, and Dezful in northern Khuzestan Province, Iran before the 1880s.

[42] Mandaic: ".ࡊࡅࡋ ࡀࡍࡀࡔࡀ ࡌࡉࡕࡋࡉࡓ ࡔࡀࡅࡉࡀ ࡁࡏࡒࡀࡓࡀ ࡅࡀࡂࡓࡉࡀ࡞ ࡁࡉࡍࡕࡀࡅࡕࡉࡓࡕࡀ ࡏࡕࡄࡉࡁࡋࡅࡍ ࡅࡋࡅࡀࡕ ࡄࡓࡀࡓࡉࡀ ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ ࡀࡁࡓࡉࡍ ࡀࡊࡅࡀࡕ ࡖࡍࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡀࡄࡉࡀ࡞‎" Transliteration: [citation needed] English original: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.