[1][2][3]: 195 King Mangrai the Great was born on 23 October 1238, in Ngoen Yang[1] (present day Chiang Saen), Thailand, on the Mekong River, a son of the local ruler Lao Meng and his wife Ua Ming Chom Mueang, a princess from the Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, which is now called Jinghong, in Sipsongpanna (Xishuangbanna), China.

[1] As it was thought impossible to take the city by force, Mangrai sent a merchant named Ai Fa as a mole to gain the confidence of its King Yi Ba.

[3]: 208–209 After defeating the Hariphunchai kingdom, Mangrai decided to relocate his capital, and in 1294, Wiang Kum Kam was founded on the eastern bank of the Ping River.

[1] A few years later, Yi Ba's son, King Boek of Lampang, attacked Chiang Mai with a large army.

King Boek fled by way of the Doi Khun Tan mountain range between Lamphun and Lampang, but he was caught and executed.

King Mangrai's eldest son grew tired of waiting and tried to seize the throne, but his attempt failed and he was executed.