Manila folder

It is generally formed by folding a large sheet of stiff card in half.

papermakers replaced the abacá fibers with wood pulp,[2] which cost less to source and process.

[6] In 1906, over 2,000,000 piculs of manila fibers were produced, making approximately 66% of the Philippines' export profits.

The Guggenheim claims the "colonial government found ways to prevent Filipinos from profiting off of the abaca crops, instead favoring the businesses of American expats and Japanese immigrants, as well as ensuring that the bulk of the abaca harvests were exported to the United States" for use in military initiatives.

The first incorporates a metal clasp with two prongs, which are put through a reinforced eyelet in the flap and then bent apart to hold, while the other has a cardboard button secured tightly on the flap and a piece of string fastened on the envelope body (or the reverse arrangement) is wound around it to form a closure.