Polymetallic replacement deposit

Mississippi valley type ore deposits lack silver and gold mineralization, are lower temperature, and are not associated with nearby igneous intrusions.

Polymetallic replacement deposits are significant sources of copper,[7] gold, silver, lead, manganese, and zinc.

[8] Manto ore deposits are defined by a strict stratigraphic control on their distribution, generally within a porous formation within a structural trap site.

The genetic model of manto formation is debated, but consists of the following broad principles; Manto deposits were first described in great detail in Chile, where they sit within sedimentary strata overlying large granitic intrusions, in regions adjacent to porphyry copper deposits.

[citation needed] However, recent work suggests that there may be primary chalcocite and bornite formed within degraded petroleum within trap sites, with copper precipitating from solution by reduction in contact with the reduced carbon.