Manualism

[1] Manualism arose in the late 18th century with the advent of free public schools for the deaf in Europe.

Abbe de l’Épée, a Catholic priest, encountered two teenage deaf girls while he visited a family in the poor part of the city.

Gallaudet traveled to Europe in May 1815 and attended demonstrations in France led by Sicard, Clerc, and Massieu.

[4] The students attending the school had some knowledge of an indigenous sign language used in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.

People then begin to subscribe to more oralist methods of education: lip reading and speech training.

After the conference, schools all around Europe and the United States switched to using speech and lipreading, banning all sign language from the classroom.