Initially an anarcho-syndicalist of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), in 1927, he became a leading member of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in Andalusia.

In 1932, he was ejected from the PCE, due to his conflicts with the leadership of the Communist International, and subsequently joined the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

[9] In the 1931 Spanish local elections, Adame ran as a PCE candidate for the City Council of Seville, but he was unsuccessful.

[4] In the 1931 Spanish general election, Adame was presented as one of the PCE's candidates for the Constituent Cortes, but they failed to win any seats.

[14] In the wake of the PCE's fourth congress in March 1932,[15] the political bureau - which included José Bullejos, Gabriel León Trilla and Adame himself - was deposed due to their persistent clashes with the leadership of the Communist International.

[8] He nevertheless continued his work as a trade union leader throughout the subsequent years, taking a leading role in the Revolution of 1934 in Seville, for which he was arrested.

[21] After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he was delegated by the socialists to serve in the military command in Málaga,[2] then aided Andalusian refugees in Barcelona,[22] and headed the Under-Secretariat of Armaments.