Manwen Laodang

Manwen Laodang (Chinese: 滿文老檔) is a set of Manchu official documents of the Qing dynasty, compiled during the late Qianlong period based on Jiu Manzhou Dang.

It was difficult to understand Old Manchu, written in the script without dots and circles, in the Qianlong period.

Each edition contains both "tongki fuka sindaha hergen i dangse" (archives in the script with dots and circles) and "tongki fuka akū hergen i dangse" (archives in the script without dots and circles).

Note that it is not identical with Jiu Manzhou Dang since duplications of original archives were eliminated from Manwen Laodang.

The Mukden edition was discovered by the Japanese historian Naito Torajiro in 1905 and he named it Manwen Laodang (Mambun Rōtō).