Marília Chaves Peixoto (24 February 1921 – 5 January 1961)[1] was a Brazilian mathematician and engineer who worked in dynamical systems.

[5] In an interview from 1952, she would describe her educational upbringing, stating that despite the high school in Santana do Livramento not accepting girls as students, the priests helped her enroll as a private student and take tests in the school.

[5] In 1939 she enrolled at the Escola Nacional de Engenharia, working alongside Leopoldo Nachbin and Maurício Peixoto (whom she would later marry).

In 1948, she received a doctorate in mathematics, and began teaching at the Escola Politécnica da UFRJ.

Following her work on convex functions, Peixoto was appointed an associate member of the Brazilian Academy of Science on 12 June 1951.

[5] Marília and Maurício jointly published "Structural Stability in the plane with enlarged boundary conditions" in 1959,[4] one of several papers which led to Peixoto's theorem.