Margaret Gale Kidwell (born August 17, 1933) is a British American evolutionary biologist and Regents' Professor Emerita at the University of Arizona, Tucson.
She moved to the US in 1960 under the auspices of a Kellogg Foundation Fellowship to study Genetics and Statistics at Iowa State University.
She married quantitative geneticist James F. Kidwell in 1961, obtained her MS degree in 1962 and moved with her husband to Brown University in 1963.
From 1973 to 1984 she pursued independent research into a number of anomalous genetic phenomena in Drosophila which later lead to collaborative studies resulting in the discovery of hybrid dysgenesis and the isolation of transposable P elements.
Additional positions included Chair of the Interdisciplinary Genetics Program from 1988 to 1991 and Head of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from 1992 to 1997.