[2][3] In 1878 Traube decided to settle permanently in Italy, and enrolled at the University of Rome (later graduating with honors in natural sciences[2][3]) where she became the favorite pupil of Dutch physiologist Jacob Moleschott, who had himself been a former student of her father's in Berlin.

Attendees included well known personalities of the time such as Theodor Mommsen, Emanuel Löwy, Pietro Blaserna, Adolf Furtwängler, as well as her brother Ludwig Traube.

[3] As a university student of Jacob Moleschott, Traube carried out her first research work in the laboratory of the physiologist Emil Du Bois-Reymond (where she was forced to sit behind a curtain).

She continued her studies of animal physiology collaborating with the physicist Pietro Blaserna and then working in the laboratory of Casimiro Manassei, where she conducted research on skin permeability.

In addition to her scientific production, Traube was also a multifaceted author, contributing numerous essays on many topics of philosophy, society and geography, but no printed copies are known to exist today.