Marhaenism

[2] Marhaenism is a variant of Marxism but emphasizes national unity, culture, collectivist economics, and democratic rights and condemns liberalism and individualism.

To Sukarno, the means of production in Indonesia were so small that they are only sufficient to sustain life of the Individual; to raise social, political, or economic status.

Thus the expression "marhaen" extended the meaning aimed at all the small groups of people that are meant to be farmers and laborers (proletarians) whose lives are always in the grip of the rich and rulers/bourgeois/capitalists.

[10][11] According to politician Nazaruddin Sjamsuddin, the first time this opinion emerged was triggered by an editorial in the Angkatan Bersenjata newspaper which was immediately answered by Osa Maliki from the Marhaen Development Institute Team.

One of the basic theses put forward by Sukarno was the necessity of combining the idea of national liberation with the Marxist vision of history, understood as a permanent struggle of the oppressed class with the oppressor.

In a modern context, vehicles, information technology devices, kitchen utensils, and electronic goods can be effectively used as capital or production factors.

That means when workers, craftsmen, or farmers produce goods that will not be consumed by themselves, they act only as factors of production for others, which makes them vulnerable to being dictated by the market or exploited.

The difference is that McCleland puts more emphasis on the option of planting the need for achievement or the will to get ahead from the people or small entrepreneurs and so it is in fact dominated by a functional approach.

In a speech before the United Nations General Assembly, September 30, 1960, Sukarno firmly stated that Pancasila was essentially a sublimation of the United States Declaration of Independence and the Communist Manifesto, thus declaring that means that Pancasila was actually the third alternative from the two opposing camps in the Cold War between the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc at that time.