Maria Anna of Bavaria (German: Maria Anna von Bayern) (21 March 1551, Munich – 29 April 1608, Graz) was a politically active Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to her uncle Archduke Charles II of Austria.

On 26 August 1571 in Vienna, the 20-year-old Maria Anna married her maternal uncle Charles II of Austria.

Maria Anna was described as confident, ambitious and a great lover of pomp and power, but foremost a devout Catholic.

She participated in affairs of state and successfully benefited a powerful counter reformation in the domains of her spouse.

She continued her education in music, benefited the Jesuit school in Graz, and spent her time in worship and religious charity.