Maria Dmitrievna Cantemirovna (Russian: Мария Дмитриевна Кантемир; 1700–1754) was a princess of Moldavia as the eldest daughter of Dimitrie Cantemir.

She later lived in Russia, where she was a lady-in-waiting, salonist, and mistress of Emperor Peter I. Maria, born in Iași as the eldest daughter of the Dimitrie Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia and his first wife, Princess Cassandra Cantacuzino (1682–1713).

The relationship with Peter continued until his death in January 1725, when Catherine became the reigning empress and Maria was forced to leave court.

The Swedish slave Lovisa von Burghausen mentions Maria in her autobiography.

Burghausen, as the prisoner of Dimitrie Cantemir in 1713–1714, credited Maria and her sister Smaragda Catarina with saving her from freezing to death during a punishment by allowing her to sleep in their bedroom instead of in an unheated stone room in the middle of winter.