Other published research explored differences between the cerebral cortex of male and female rats, the link between positive thinking and immune health, and the role of women in science.

Her doctoral dissertation thesis on human anatomy was titled "Functional Interrelationships of the Hypothalamus and the Neurohypophysis" and was published in 1953.

[4] In the role as neuroanatomist, she joined an ongoing research project with psychologists David Krech, Mark Rosenzweig, and chemist Edward Bennett.

In 1984, Diamond and her associates had access to sufficient tissue from Albert Einstein's brain to make the first ever analysis of it, followed by publication of their research.

The 1985 paper On the Brain of a Scientist: Albert Einstein created some controversy in academia over the role of glial cells.

[11] Marian Diamond was a pioneer in anatomical neuroscience whose major scientific contributions have changed forever how we view the human brain.

[7][8][12] Diamond demonstrated that the structural arrangement of the male and female cortices is significantly different and can be altered in the absence of sex steroid hormones.

[4] In early 1984, Diamond received four blocks of the preserved brain of Albert Einstein from Thomas Stoltz Harvey.

The fact that the Einstein brain tissue was already embedded in celloidin when the Diamond lab received it meant that their choice of methods of examination would be somewhat limited.

Later in 1982, she married Arnold Bernard Scheibel, a neurosciences professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.

In 1998, she co-authored the book entitled Magic Trees of the Mind: How To Nurture Your Child's Intelligence, Creativity, and Healthy Emotions from Birth through Adolescence.

Producer-directors Catherine Ryan and Gary Weimberg of Luna Productions followed Diamond with their cameras for the final five years of her science and teaching career.