Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol (16 September 1789 – 29 March 1855) was wealthy and influential Guatemalan merchant family and an important conservative politician.

[2] He served governor of the State of Guatemala in the Central American Federation from 1 March 1827 to 12 April 1829 and patriarch of the Aycinena family.

The family had the commercial monopoly in Central American during the Spanish colonial era later year thanks to the Consulado de Comercio.

[3] Member and leader of the most influential family in the Guatemalan region during the Spanish colonial era, he clashed with Captain General José de Bustamante y Guerra[3] when Aycinena y Piñol was in charge of the Ayuntamiento (city council) in 1812.

[Note 1] In 1821, Fernando VII power in Spain was weakened by French invasions and other conflicts, and Mexico declared the Plan de Iguala; this led Aycinena y Piñol and other criollos to demand the weak Captain General Gabino Gaínza to declare Guatemala and the rest of Central America as an independent entity.

In October 1826, Central American Federation president Manuel José de Arce y Fagoaga dissolved the Legislature and tried to establish a Unitarian System for the region, switching from the Liberal to the Conservative party, that Aycinena led.

On September 20, Manuel Arzá was close to the Lempa River with 500 men, when he was notified that the rest of his army had capitulated in San Salvador.

Morazan then went back to El Salvador with a considerable army and general Arzú, feigning a sickness, fled to Guatemala, leaving lieutenant colonel Antonio de Aycinena in command.

A few days later, he went to Ahuachapán, to organize an army to take down the conservative aristocrats led by Mariano Aycinena y Piñol in Guatemala and establish a regime favorable to the central American Federation that was the dream of the liberal criollos.