[6] Charpentier joined the Société mathématique de France in 1930, possibly their second female member after Édmée Chandon.

[1] She was a student of Georges Bouligand at the University of Poitiers,[4] where she completed her thesis in 1931[1][4] with Paul Montel as chair.

[1] Charpentier did postdoctoral studies with George Birkhoff at Harvard University,[1] and was an invited speaker on geometry at the 1932 International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich.

[7] However, she could not obtain a faculty position in France at that time, and instead had to support herself as a teacher at the high school level.

[1] She was appointed to her faculty position in 1942,[4] at the University of Rennes,[1][2] became full professor there, and retired in 1973.