By her marriage to Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild, she was Duchess consort of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Marie Elisabeth was born on 11 March 1456, she was the fourth-born of Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and his wife by marriage, Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, a daughter of Duke Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.

On 1 March 1676, Marie Elisabeth married Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild, who at the time of the marriage ruled Saxe-Gotha jointly alongside his six brothers.

After Henry's death, a dispute erupted among his remaining brothers over the inheritance of Saxe-Römhild.

Marie Elizabeth outlived her husband by five years, before she died on 16 August 1715, at the age of 59 in Römhild, Thuringia.