In 1990, Anguiano joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and in 1992, he entered public service as the municipal treasurer of Colima City, serving a two-year term.

He was then the chief accountant for the Congress of the State of Colima during its LI and LII Legislatures, from 1995 to 1999; he left to serve as the CEO of Agrotecnología de Colima, S.A. de C.V., an agrotechnology business.

In 2006, the capital city elected Anguiano again, this time as its municipal president for a three-year term.

Colima City thus returned to PRI rule after three years of a PAN mayorship under Leoncio Morán Sánchez.

During the 2009 Colima state election, Anguiano won 50.9 percent of the vote for governor, beating Sen. Martha Sosa Govea of the National Action Party (PAN).