[1] During the Second World War he fought in Greece, Russia and in the Italian Campaign.

In December 1944 he led the German and Italian RSI troops in the battle of Garfagnana defeating the 92nd US "Buffalo" Division.

On 29 April he surrendered to the Brazilian Expeditionary Force after the battle of Collecchio.

In 1946, Carloni was prosecuted by the U.S. Army for the murder of Lieutenant Alfred Lyth, an American pilot killed by Monte Rosa soldiers, after his capture.

Carloni was released without any charges on 19 May 1951, but was demoted in rank to Colonel, and stripped of all his awards given to him by the Italian Social Republic between 1943 and 1945.