Mariya Bugakova (Uzbek: Мария Бугакова; born July 6, 1985) is an Uzbekistani former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly and sprint freestyle events.

[1] Bugakova started her swimming career at the very young age, and came from a sporting family, in which her parents were both trained in the pool as "working reserves" (Trudovie rezervi).

[3] At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bugakova edged out Saint Lucia's Natasha Sara Georgeos by less than 0.14 of a second in heat two of the 100 m butterfly, lowering her time to 1:07.08.

[4][5] At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Bugakova decided to drop her specialty event, the 100 m butterfly, and experiment with the 50 m freestyle.

[6] She challenged seven other swimmers in heat seven, including fellow three-time Olympian Marina Mulyayeva of Kazakhstan.