Marta Sophia Lepp Utuste (born Marta Kirschbaum; 12 November 1883 – 11 November 1940), also known as Sophia Vardi and Maarda Lepp-Utuste, was an Estonian writer, editor, educator, and political and religious leader.
[1] For her revolutionary activities,[2] Lepp was imprisoned in Siberia in 1905, 1907, and 1910; she escaped at least once before her official release in 1910.
[3] In 1917, she returned to Estonia, where she taught Estonian language and history in Tallinn; she was also head of a women's political organization, and was editor of a newspaper, Our Free Land.
[5][6] Her writing included short stories, an opera libretto, a novel, and a three-volume memoir.
[1] Lepp married soldier Gustav Vladimir Kirschbaum (later known as Kustas Utuste [et]) in 1913.