Martha Brill Olcott (1949 – February 5, 2024) was an American political scientist who was an expert on Central Asia and the Caspian.
She was a senior associate with the Russian and Eurasian Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, co-directing the Carnegie Moscow Center's Project on Ethnicity and Politics in the former Soviet Union from 1995 to 2014.
She previously served as a special consultant to Acting United States Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger and as director of the Central Asian American Enterprise Fund.
[4][5] Olcott was a visiting professor at the James Madison College of Michigan State University.
[4] Olcott commented on the effects of the global financial crisis on Central Asia.