He was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly between 2007 and 2022, representing Albert Park.

From 1988–2003, he worked with the Australian Services Union before becoming chief of staff to the state Minister for Agriculture.

[1] In 2007, Foley was elected to the Legislative Assembly following his preselection as the Labor candidate for the seat of Albert Park in the by-election which resulted from Deputy Premier John Thwaites's resignation.

[3] His portfolios of creative industries and mental health were taken over by Danny Pearson and James Merlino three days later on 29 September 2020.

[4] In June 2022, Foley announced he would retire at the November state election, wanting to spend more time with his family.