His parents were Remonstrants and intended him for the law; he studied theology and philosophy from 1632 in Leiden under Antonius Walaeus.
Descartes at one point felt Schoock had libeled him and complained to the French ambassador.
He exonerated himself by in effect proving that Voetius had put him up to it, citing letters from his former professor.
After the death of his first wife, Angelica van Merck, with whom he had seven sons and a daughter, he came into money troubles.
In the 1642–43 controversy between René Descartes and Voetius, Schoock attacked Descartes and his philosophy fiercely in his Admiranda methodus novae philosophiae Renati De Cartes; he stated later that Voetius had been a major author of the book.