He was a late adherent of the Nazarene movement, but was also heavily influenced by impressionism and Art Nouveau.
He moved to Paris in 1878 for further studies with Luc-Olivier Merson,[2] then worked as a painter of genre scenes in Alsace from 1880 to 1882.
From 1898 to 1924, he was the Professor of Religious Painting at the Academy of Fine Arts; the last person to hold that chair.
[2] Among his best-known students were Theodor Baierl, Joseph Ehrismann, the church painter Josef Wittmann [de] and Leo Götz.
[1] His work can be found in churches throughout Germany and Alsace, as well as in the German Chapel at the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua.