[5] The township occupies the southern portion of Beaver Island in Lake Michigan.

James Strang and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) lived on the island in the 1850s.

The racial makeup of the township was 97.95% White, 0.82% Native American, and 1.23% from two or more races.

34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

About 4.5% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those 65 or over.

[11] Peaine Township is served entirely by Beaver Island Community School.