[4] The schalmei was popularised as an instrument in the 1920s by the German Communist Party, inspired by the Wanderbewegung [de], movement played in bands consisting of 20-30 members.

[5] This was particularly effective in the Saarland, where bands were often formed by groups of unemployed coal miners.

[6] During the Second World War, many Martinshorns were destroyed by the Nazi Party, under the impression that the instruments were a symbol of Marxism.

[4] However, in some parts of Germany, they were used extensively by the Hitler Youth, who, due to their ease of playing and loudness, used them to rally crowds to spread propaganda.

Some instruments have a fourth valve, which directs airflow to a modified horn, allowing for chromatic scales.