Martyn Pushkar (Ukrainian: Мартин Пушкар; died 1 June 1658) was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader.
After Bohdan Khmelnytsky's death, Pushkar, being one of the senior colonels in the Hetman State, was considered a candidate for the hetmancy, but Ivan Vyhovsky was elected instead.
Together with Iakiv Barabash Pushkar led an uprising against Vyhovsky in 1657.
After inflicting several defeats on Vyhovsky's Cossacks and his Crimean allies, Martyn Pushkar was killed in a battle near his native Poltava on 1 June 1658.
He founded the Exaltation of the Cross Monastery, which was built in a Cossack Baroque style in Poltava, to commemorate a victory over the Poles.