Maryam Amid

Maryam Amid-Semnani (Persian: مریم عمید سمنانی) was an Iranian intellectual and journalist active during the early 20th century.

She was the third daughter of Mir Seyed Razi Semnani (also known as Reyis Al-Atabeh) and Mirza Ibrahim Amid al-Saltanah.

)[3][9] Working under the name Maryam Amid Mozayen al-Saltaneh,[10] she edited and wrote for Shokufeh (also transliterated as Shokoufeh, Shokofeh or Shekufeh and meaning Blossom), a magazine published in Teheran from 1912 or 1913 to 1916 or 1919 (sources differ on the years of publication).

[11] It featured articles on women's rights issues such as early marriage and lack of educational opportunities for girls, and also addressed political topics.

[11][6] It was noted for its use of satire, as its entire back cover was initially given over to social caricatures,[9] although these were discontinued after the start of the First World War.

[3] Shokufeh was released twice a month and originally consisted of four pages printed in traditional Naskh calligraphic script.

[8] Amid-Semnani was a member of Anjoman Hemmat Khavatin (the Society for the Efforts of Women), and supported its activities in the pages of Shokufeh.