The Upper House consisted of the Governor and his Council, all personally appointed by Lord Baltimore and Proprietor of the Province, and thus tended to protect his interests in Maryland.

Conversely, the Lower House tended to push for political change in the colony, claiming to be the true elected representatives of the people.

In this context, the Lower House continually fought for more power by asserting exclusive rights in certain legislative areas, such as levying taxes and originating money bills.

This reflected similar attitudes in the other colonies on the East Coast of North America with the beginnings and growth of representative government during the 17th century, as each province's representatives constantly agitated for more rights, powers, and respect from the Proprietors, Governors, and even the King and Parliament in London.

Despite the fact that each county was entitled to elect four delegates, the governor selected only two of these to sit in the Lower House.

Appointed by the crown, the royal governors allowed the Lower House substantial latitude with its legislative agenda.

These eliminated the Lower House's reliance on ad hoc committees and created the first modern legislature in Maryland.

The current pattern for distribution of seats in the House of Delegates began with the legislative apportionment plan of 1972 and has been revised every ten years thereafter.

In addition, the House of Delegates has the sole power to impeach members of the executive branch, including the Governor.

Much of the work of drafting and reviewing bills is done by six standing committees: Appropriations, Economic Matters, Environment and Transportation, Health and Government Operations, Judiciary, and Ways and Means.