Matanzas (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈtansas]) is one of the provinces of Cuba.

Major towns in the province include Cárdenas, Colón, Jovellanos and the capital of the same name, Matanzas.

Among Cuban provinces, Matanzas is one of the most industrialized, with petroleum wells, refineries, supertanker facilities, and 21 sugar mills to process the harvests of the fields of sugarcane in the province.

The southern coast has one of Cuba's most distinctive features: an enormous marsh, Ciénaga de Zapata that covers both the southern part of the province and the Zapata Peninsula.

East of the peninsula lies the Bay of Pigs, the site of the failed US backed invasion.