Mathias François Dewatripont (born 27 December 1959) is a Belgian economist and professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

He studied economics at the ULB, and obtained a PhD at Harvard University (United States) in 1986 (under the supervision of Eric Maskin and Andreu Mas-Colell).

He is a member of European Commission President José Manuel Durão Barroso's Group of Economic Policy Analysis, since 2005.

He is Deputy Chairman (2008–09), Chairman (2009–10) and Dean (2010–11) of the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management (SBS-EM) of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB).

He has been appointed Executive Director of the National Bank of Belgium since April 2011.