Mathilde Rose Thérèse Gabriel-Péri (7 June 1902 – 16 December 1981) was a French politician.

After the Nazi occupation of France, Gabriel-Péri was interred at Rieucros Camp; her husband was executed the following year.

She was subsequently a French Communist Party (PCF) candidate in Seine-et-Oise department in the 1945 National Assembly elections.

The first-placed candidate on the PCF list, she was elected to parliament, becoming one of the first group of women in the National Assembly.

Gabriel-Péri subsequently retired from politics and died in the Boulogne-Billancourt area of Paris in 1981.