Pauline Matilde Theodora Bajer (4 January 1840 – 4 March 1934) was a Danish women's rights activist and pacifist.

Pauline Matilde Theodora Schlüter was born on 4 January 1840 in Frederikseg, Herlufmagle Sogn, Næstved Municipality, Denmark.

She married Fredrik Bajer, whom she had known since adolescence, and convinced him that women should have an equal position to men in society.

For a short period Mathilde Bajer was chairperson of the Danish Women's Society (Dansk Kvindesamfund), which she helped found in 1871.

[1] The English Quaker and pacifist Priscilla Hannah Peckover met Fredrik and Matilde Bajer at a Nordic Women's meeting in 1888.