Matrix management

[1] There are different types of matrix management, including strong, weak, and balanced,[2] and there are hybrids between functional grouping and divisional or product structuring.

[citation needed] Companies that have multiple business units and international operations, upon closer inspection may apply matrix structures in different ways.

"[1] Two decades after pioneering in matrix management, Digital Equipment Corporation backed out, citing it as a source of "sapped energy and efficiency from product-development efforts.

"[13] Regarding earlier years, when it worked, The New York Times praised "consensus building that may have once helped Digital become the nation's second-largest computer maker" (after IBM).

This does not take away from what, a week earlier, the same author wrote: "It fostered internal competition and resulted in many ground-breaking computer systems like the PDP and VAX lines.