A matross was a soldier of artillery, who ranked next below a gunner.
The duty of a matross was to assist the gunners in loading, firing and sponging the guns.
They were provided with firelocks, and marched with the store-wagons, acting as guards.
In the United States Army, a matross ranked as a private of artillery.
[1] The OED states that the word is borrowed from the Dutch Matroos ('a sailor of the lowest rank'), and is cognate with similar terms in German, Danish and Swedish.