[1] Unlike neighbouring villages, such as Brookthorpe and Upton St Leonards, Matson is not mentioned in the Domesday Book.

The origins of the name are unclear but early versions recorded include Matesknolle, Mattesdune and Matesden[2] and it is likely that the names refer to Robinswood Hill,[2] a large hill which lay entirely within the ancient parish of Matson and on the flanks of which the village lies.

It has been suggested that iron ore was mined from Robinswood Hill in Saxon times[2] although there is little evidence for this.

Matson contains a ski slope, a pub, a shopping parade, doctor's surgery, Neighbourhood Project and several churches.

Much of Matson is built on the sides of the hill, which features the Gloucester Ski Centre.