Matthew Brown Riddle (17 October 1836 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – 1 September 1916) was an American theologian.

Matthew graduated from Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1852, and from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1859, after which he studied at Heidelberg.

He traveled in Europe from 1869 until 1871, and in the latter year was appointed professor of New Testament exegesis in the theological seminary of Hartford, Connecticut.

Dr. Philip Schaff's Popular Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament (4 vols., New York and Edinburgh, 1878–83), and to his International Revision Commentary (New York, 1882); edited the gospels of Mark and Luke for the American edition of H. A. W. Meyer's Commentary (New York, 1884); revised and edited Edward Robinson's Greek Harmony of the Gospels (Boston, 1885), and Robinson's English Harmony (1886); and edited parts of Bishop Arthur Cleveland Coxe's edition of the Ante-Nicene Fathers, contributing the “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles” and the “Second Clement” (Buffalo, 1886); Augustine's Harmony of the Gospels (New York, 1888); and Chrysostom's “Homilies on Matthew,” in Nicene Fathers (1888).

John E. Todd, D.D., he prepared the notes on the International Sunday School Lessons for the Congregational Publishing Society of Boston in 1877-81.