He played his junior rugby league for the Penshurst RSL RLFC, before being signed by the St. George Illawarra Dragons.

[11] In the 2018 NRL season, Dufty made 26 appearances for St. George and scored 13 tries as the club finished 7th on the table and qualified for the finals.

[12] On 18 February Dufty signed a two-year contract extension to remain at St. George Illawarra until the end of the 2021 season.

[13] On 25 April Dufty scored an individual 65 metre try for St. George Illawarra during their match against the Sydney Roosters in the traditional ANZAC Day game.

Fox Sports Commentator Andrew Voss said of the try "What a try here at the SCG!, So many great tries over many, many years, and the name Matt Dufty belongs to one as of today.

[15] On 15 February, Dufty suffered a fractured cheekbone whilst playing for St. George Illawarra in the pre-season NRL Nines competition against Parramatta and was ruled out for six to eight weeks.

[24] It was then reported that several northern hemisphere clubs, including St Helens, had expressed an interest in signing Dufty.

[27] On 21 July 2022, the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs officially announced an early release grant for Dufty to take up an opportunity in the Super League.

[32] In round 5 of the 2024 Super League season, Dufty scored a hat-trick in Warrington's 58-4 victory over the hapless London side.

Dufty played a total of 24 games for Warrington in the 2024 Super League season as the club reached the semi-final before losing to Hull Kingston Rovers.