Matthias Eldersch (24 February 1869 – 20 April 1931) was an Austrian social democratic politician.

He was also a member of the Constituent National Assembly and in May 1919 took over the State Secretariat for Interior Affairs and Education in Karl Renner's government, which he held until July 1920.

Under him, Under-Secretary of State Otto Glöckel began drafting guidelines for school reform.

[3] Eldersch died in April 1931 and was buried a few days later in the urn grove of the Vienna Central Cemetery, to the great sympathy of the population.

[2] In his memory, a municipal housing complex built in 1931/1932 and a square in Vienna-Leopoldstadt were named Elderschhof or Elderschplatz in 1933.