Matvei Alkunovich Kapelyushnikov (Russian: Матвей Алкунович Капелюшников; 13 September 1886 – 5 July 1959) was a Soviet mechanical engineer and inventor.
In 1915-1918, Matvei Kapelyushnikov was employed as a drilling rig designer and mechanical engineer at the Bykhovsky Refinery and then at a factory belonging to the Caspian Partnership oil company.
In 1937-1959, Kapelyushnikov headed the petroleum reservoir physics lab at the Oil Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
He had been a drilling department professor at the Moscow Oil Institute named after Ivan Gubkin since 1945.
Matvei Kapelyushnikov's scientific work was dedicated to the extracting and refining technologies of oil and gas due to the intensified development of the petroleum industry during the years of the establishment of Soviet authority and especially post-World War II years.