Safonov made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Krasnodar on 13 August 2017 in a game against Amkar Perm.

[2][3] On 20 October 2020, he was named the man of the match in Krasnodar's 1–1 draw with Rennes in the UEFA Champions League, his club's debut in the competition.

[5] On 14 June 2024, Safonov joined reigning Ligue 1 champions Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), signing a five-year deal.

[12] On 16 June, he played in Russia's second group game against Finland, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 victory.

[13][better source needed] He played again on 21 June in the last group game against Denmark, allowing 4 goals in a 1–4 loss, as Russia was eliminated.