Born in Paris, he is best known for his invention of the ondes Martenot, an instrument he first realized in 1928 and spent decades improving.
He also was responsible for teaching the first generation of ondes Martenot performers, including Karel Goeyvaerts, Jeanne Loriod, Georges Savaria, Gilles Tremblay, and his sister Ginette Martenot.
The 1937 World's Fair in Paris awarded him "Le Grand Prix de l'Exposition Mondiale."
A Martenot biography, in French, has been written by ondist Jean Laurendeau.
His invention of the ondes Martenot is the subject of the 2013 Quebec documentary Wavemakers, in which Laurendeau also appears.